Uranium mining is the process of extraction of uranium ore from the ground. As uranium ore is mostly present at relatively low concentrations, most uranium mining is very volume-intensive, and thus tends to be undertaken as open-pit mining. It is also undertaken in only a small number of countries of the world, as the resource is relatively rarely found. (Wikipedia)
India stands proudly among these “small number” of countries in the world, with our north eastern state of Meghalaya having the largest Uranium deposits in the country.
While the government plans to extract uranium (due to a shortfall of nuclear fuel in the country) are still on, the mining has met with strict opposition from locals leading to lots of debate, strikes, road blockade and other strong resistance from residents.
Most of the anti-uranium mining protests have been on health related concerns.
Because uranium ore emits radon gas, uranium mining can be more dangerous than other underground mining, unless adequate ventilation systems are installed.
During the 1950s, many Navajos became uranium miners, as many uranium deposits were discovered on Navajo reservations. A statistically significant subset of these early miners later developed small cell carcinoma after exposure touranium ore.[9] Radon-222, a natural decay product of uranium, has been shown to be the cancer-causing agent.[6] Some American survivors and their descendants received compensation under the Radiation Exposure Compensation Act in 1990. (Wikipedia)
According to surveys by India’s Atomic Energy Department, there could be up to 10,000 tonnes of Uranium in and around Domiasiat, about 150 km west of Shillong. The area is considered by far the largest and richest sandstone-type deposits available in the country.
A medical team was also set up to see if claims made by NGO’s that waste piles left from exploration for uranium a few years ago had been affecting the general health of the people was true indeed. The medical team conducted check ups in the health camp so as to enable the officials to have a conclusive report on the health hazards that uranium mining could have caused.
The team said that contrary to the claim of NGOs, there was no apparent affect of radiation on the general health of the people residing around the mining areas. “There was only one case of radio oncology strongly suggesting an advance carcinoma of the throat case, besides a few skin problems like scabies and seborrhoea dermatitis. There was no endemic of any particular disease, butthe people were suffering from common ailments”, the report said adding that infection of upper and lower respiratory tract and acid peptic diseases were prevalent, while essential hypertension, diabetes mellitus and chronic amoebasis were not detected. (The Shillong Times)
A senior official of the Pollution Control Board stated, “There are lots of wrong notions and rumours spread by vested interests saying uranium mining would pose serious health risks. But studies conducted by experts does not indicate any such worries”
However NGO’s and residents alike continue to protest against Uranium Mining in the state. In June of this year, a 36h general strike in Shillong was called by the Khasi Students Union (KSU). 5 of the activists of the KSU including Central Organising secretary Daniel Khyriem were then detained under Meghalaya Preventive Detention Act (MPDA). Subsequently road blockades covering East Khasi Hills, West Khasi Hills and Ri-Bhoi districts was organized to demandthe release of the activists.
“No degree of prosperity could justify mining and accumulation of large amounts of highly toxic substances. The move poses an incalculable danger to the locals,” says John F Kharshiing, chairman of the Federation of Khasi States.
There could be up to 30,000 people spread over 25 villages in the vicinity of Domiasiat. The mystery diseases, locals say, started showing up soon after miners began exploring a 10-square km area in Domiasiat for the yellowcake, sometime in 1991.
“There were no such diseases prevalent among the locals in the area prior to the mining operations,” Kharshiing said.
This issue is not only a local one that the residents of Meghalaya are fighting, the long term effect of either decision pro or against mining will be felt by us all.
Deposits of uranium are at a premium the world over and health risks are said to be many; neither side is willing to budge.
(The graphic is from an International NGO opposed to Uranium Mining and is for representative purposes only)